The fluorescence-linked antigen quantification (FLAQ) assay allows a fast quantification of HIV-1 p24Gag antigen. Viral supernatant are lysed and incubated with polystyrene microspheres coated with polyclonal antibodies against HIV-1 p24Gag and detector antibodies conjugated to fluorochromes (Figure 1). After washes, the fluorescence of microspheres is measured by flow cytometry and reflects the abundance of the antigen in the lysate. The speed, simplicity, and wide dynamic range of the FLAQ assay are optimum for many applications performed in HIV-1 research laboratories.
Sphero Protein A Polystyrene Particles (6-8 µm) (Spherotech, catalog number: PAP-60-5 )
Human anti-p24Gag HIV-1 IIIB polyclonal antibodies (ImmunoDX, catalog number 2503 )
Normal Human IgG (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog number: I2511 )
p24Gag recombinant protein (Abcam, catalog number: ab43037 )
Anti-p24Gag KC57 clone conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or to phycoerythrin also called RD1 (Beckman Coulter, catalog numbers: 6604665 and 6604667 )
1x phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without calcium and magnesium (Corning, catalog number: 21-031-CV )
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Axenia Biologix, catalog number: S200 )
Tissue culture centrifuge for Eppendorf tubes or for 96 well plates (optional)
37 °C incubator
Flow cytometer Note: The FLAQ requires a flow cytometer equipped with a blue laser excitation (488 nm) and one measurement parameter. The photomultiplicator tube (PMT) with a 525/50 nm or a 585/42 band pass filter is used for the detection of FITC or RD1 (phycoerythrin) signals, respectively.
Software
Forecyt (Intellicyt)
FlowJoX software (Tree Star) or other FACS analysis software
Gesner, M., Maiti, M., Grant, R. and Cavrois, M. (2014). Fluorescence-linked Antigen Quantification (FLAQ) Assay for Fast Quantification of HIV-1 p24Gag. Bio-protocol 4(24): e1366. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1366.