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Evaluation of Muscle Performance in Mice by Treadmill Exhaustion Test and Whole-limb Grip Strength Assay
Authors:
Beatriz Castro
Beatriz Castro
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
For correspondence:
beacb@purdue.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a4386
and
Shihuan Kuang
Shihuan Kuang
Affiliation 1:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
Affiliation 2:
Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
For correspondence:
skuang@purdue.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a2572
,
date: 4/20/2017, 528 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.2237
.
[Abstract]
In vivo
muscle function testing has become of great interest as primary phenotypic analysis of muscle performance. This protocol provides detailed procedures to perform the treadmill exhaustion test and the whole-limb grip strength assay, two methods commonly used in the neuromuscular research field....
Preparation of Purified Gram-positive Bacterial Cell Wall and Detection in Placenta and Fetal Tissues
Authors:
Beth Mann
Beth Mann
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a3796
,
Lip Nam Loh
Lip Nam Loh
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a3797
,
Geli Gao
Geli Gao
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a3798
and
Elaine Tuomanen
Elaine Tuomanen
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN, USA
For correspondence:
Elaine.tuomanen@stjude.org
Bio-protocol author page:
a3799
,
date: 12/5/2016, 1265 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.2037
.
[Abstract] Cell wall is a complex biopolymer on the surface of all Gram-positive bacteria. During infection, cell wall is recognized by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 2 causing intense inflammation and tissue damage. In animal models, cell wall traffics from the blood stream to many organs in the ...
PKC-θ
in vitro
Kinase Activity Assay
Authors:
Xudong Wang
Xudong Wang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Bio-protocol author page:
a3640
and
Yingqiu Li
Yingqiu Li
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
For correspondence:
lsslyq@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Bio-protocol author page:
a3643
,
date: 10/20/2016, 1315 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1980
.
[Abstract] Protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), a member of the Ca
2+
-independent PKC subfamily of kinases, serves as a regulator of T cell activation by mediating the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)- and coreceptor CD28-induced activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 and, to a lesser extent, NFAT, and, subsequently, ...
High Fat Diet-induced Breast Cancer Model in Rat
Authors:
Meng Ju Wu
Meng Ju Wu
Affiliation 1:
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Affiliation 2:
Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a3259
and
Chun Ju Chang
Chun Ju Chang
Affiliation 1:
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Affiliation 2:
Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
For correspondence:
chunjuchang@purdue.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a3260
,
date: 7/5/2016, 1405 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1852
.
[Abstract] Obesity has been linked to breast cancer progression but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Being overweight or obese for a woman at the time she is diagnosed with breast cancer is linked to a high risk of recurrence regardless of treatment factors. In rodents, high body weight is also associated ...
Repeated Cross-fostering Protocol as a Mouse Model of Early Environmental Instability
Authors:
Alessandra Luchetti
Alessandra Luchetti
Affiliation:
Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Roma, Italy
For correspondence:
luchetti.alessandra@gmail.com
Bio-protocol author page:
a2911
,
Marco Battaglia
Marco Battaglia
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Division of Child and Youth Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Bio-protocol author page:
a2912
and
Francesca R. D’Amato
Francesca R. D’Amato
Affiliation 1:
Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Roma, Italy
Affiliation 2:
Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
Bio-protocol author page:
a2913
,
date: 2/20/2016, 1489 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1734
.
[Abstract] Early life events have a crucial role in programming the individual phenotype indeed the exposure to traumatic experiences during infancy can increase later risks for a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including mood and anxiety disorders. Several studies in rodents demonstrated the impact of ...
Measurement of Resting Energy Metabolism in Mice Using Oxymax Open Circuit Indirect Calorimeter
Authors:
Yaohui Nie
Yaohui Nie
Affiliation 1:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
Affiliation 2:
Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a2570
,
Timothy P. Gavin
Timothy P. Gavin
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a2571
and
Shihuan Kuang
Shihuan Kuang
Affiliation 1:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
Affiliation 2:
Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette
For correspondence:
skuang@purdue.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a2572
,
date: 9/20/2015, 1929 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1602
.
[Abstract] Indirect calorimeter is a powerful tool to monitor resting energy metabolism through the measurement of oxygen (O
2
) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO
2
) production. From the measurement of VO
2
and VCO
2
, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) can be calculated to assess energy fuel utilization and energy ...
Creating a Rat Model of Chronic Variate Stress
Authors:
Rocío M. de Pablos
Rocío M. de Pablos
Affiliation:
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
For correspondence:
depablos@us.es
Bio-protocol author page:
a1852
,
Manuel Sarmiento
Manuel Sarmiento
Affiliation:
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Bio-protocol author page:
a1853
and
Ana María Espinosa-Oliva
Ana María Espinosa-Oliva
Affiliation:
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Bio-protocol author page:
a1854
,
date: 12/5/2014, 2973 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1315
.
[Abstract] Stress is a condition of human experience and an important factor in the onset of various diseases. There are numerous studies showing how stress can accelerate cell aging, immune senescence and some age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and osteoporosis. However, the effects of stress ...
Elevated Plus Maze Test to Assess Anxiety-like Behavior in the Mouse
Authors:
Luciana M. Leo
Luciana M. Leo
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) and FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Bio-protocol author page:
a1581
and
Fabricio A. Pamplona
Fabricio A. Pamplona
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
For correspondence:
fabricio.pamplona@idor.org
Bio-protocol author page:
a1582
,
date: 8/20/2014, 7519 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1211
.
[Abstract] The elevated plus maze task is a simple method to assess anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. This version describes the procedure used in mice. However, the protocol may also be applied to rats, considering a proportionally larger apparatus (arms: 10 x 50 cm; height: 55 cm). Briefly, the test is performed ...
Measurement of CD8 and CD4 T Cell Responses in Mouse Lungs
Authors:
Craig Fett
Craig Fett
Affiliation:
Microbiology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a1249
,
Jincun Zhao
Jincun Zhao
Affiliation:
Microbiology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a1250
and
Stanley Perlman
Stanley Perlman
Affiliation:
Microbiology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
For correspondence:
stanley-perlman@uiowa.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a1251
,
date: 3/20/2014, 4905 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1083
.
[Abstract] Study of the adaptive immune response to a viral challenge in an animal model often includes analysis of the T cell response. Here we discuss in detail the methods that are used to characterize the CD8 and CD4 T cell response following viral challenge in the lung.
...
Microsome Isolation from Tissue
Authors:
Maria Bodero
Maria Bodero
Affiliation:
Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a1139
and
Jose Francisco Abisambra
Jose Francisco Abisambra
Affiliation:
Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
For correspondence:
joe.abisambra@uky.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a1140
,
date: 2/5/2014, 3554 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1038
.
[Abstract] This protocol details the extraction of microsomes from frozen tissue in order to further examine the protein-protein interactions occurring within the endoplasmic reticulum. This protocol was adapted from Abisambra
et al.
(2013) with modifications made in order to optimize for subsequent use....
1
2
3
[Bio101] Subcutaneous Injection of Tumor Cells
Author:
Jason Reuter
,
date: 12/20/2011, 26663 views,
1 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.166
.
[Abstract] Growth of cells in the subcutaneous space of immunocompromised mice is a common method for assaying tumorigenic potential
in vivo
. This technique is also used to assess the effects of therapeutic interventions on cancer cell lines....
In vivo
Matrigel Plug Angiogenesis Assay
Authors:
Hong Lok Lung
Hong Lok Lung
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR
Bio-protocol author page:
a102
and
Maria Li Lung
Maria Li Lung
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR
For correspondence:
mlilung@hku.hk
Bio-protocol author page:
a101
,
date: 9/20/2012, 24667 views,
2 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.261
.
[Abstract] The matrigel plug angiogenesis assay is a simple
in vivo
technique to detect the newly formed blood vessels in the transplanted gel plugs in nude mice. The matrigel matrix is derived from the engelbroth-holm-swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, and its composition is comparable to the basement membrane proteins. ...
[Bio101] Thioglycollate Induced Peritonitis
Author:
Zheng Liu
Zheng Liu
Affiliation:
The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
For correspondence:
zl2119@caa.columbia.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a12
,
Anne Davidson Lab,
date: 6/20/2011, 18726 views,
3 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.84
.
[Abstract] Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of thioglycollate elicits a robust influx of neutrophils into peritoneal cavity. The trafficking of the cells is believed to be mediated by chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 (Call
et al
., 2001; Cacalano
et al
., 1994). Thus this model can be used to test the ability ...
Alcian Blue – Alizarin Red Staining of Mouse Skeleton
Author:
Peichuan Zhang
Peichuan Zhang
Affiliation 1:
Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Affiliation 2:
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
For correspondence:
peichuan.zhang@ucsf.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a11
,
date: 4/20/2012, 16606 views,
9 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.162
.
[Abstract] Our lab has used the Alcian blue – Alizarin red staining method with certain modifications to characterize skeleton deformities in mice lacking Pek/Perk, encoding a translational control eIF2alpha kinase....
[Bio101] Murine xenograft model
Author:
FengZhi Liu
FengZhi Liu
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
For correspondence:
fengzhi6@yahoo.com
Bio-protocol author page:
a51
,
date: 6/5/2012, 10248 views,
1 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.221
.
[Abstract] This experiment is used to test the efficacies of chemo treatments or gene therapy in an
in vivo
system. In this protocol, the mouse xenograft model is used....
Elevated Plus Maze Test to Assess Anxiety-like Behavior in the Mouse
Authors:
Luciana M. Leo
Luciana M. Leo
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) and FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Bio-protocol author page:
a1581
and
Fabricio A. Pamplona
Fabricio A. Pamplona
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
For correspondence:
fabricio.pamplona@idor.org
Bio-protocol author page:
a1582
,
date: 8/20/2014, 7519 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1211
.
[Abstract] The elevated plus maze task is a simple method to assess anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. This version describes the procedure used in mice. However, the protocol may also be applied to rats, considering a proportionally larger apparatus (arms: 10 x 50 cm; height: 55 cm). Briefly, the test is performed ...
Allergen Sensitization and Challenge to Ovalbumin
Authors:
François Daubeuf
François Daubeuf
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, UMR7200, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
Bio-protocol author page:
a228
,
Laurent Reber
Laurent Reber
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, UMR7200, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
Bio-protocol author page:
a229
and
Nelly Frossard
Nelly Frossard
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, UMR7200, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
For correspondence:
nelly.frossard@unistra.fr
Bio-protocol author page:
a230
,
date: 4/5/2013, 6507 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.644
.
[Abstract] This protocol describes the sensitization and challenge of mice with ovalbumin for use as an acute murine model of asthma. This protocol induces reproducible airway inflammation and remodelling, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine as measured by barometric plethysmography, as well as by ...
Socially Transmitted Food Preference (STFP) Task Protocol
Author:
Robert E. Clark
Robert E. Clark
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosciences, and Psychology, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, USA
For correspondence:
reclark@ucsd.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a53
,
date: 6/5/2012, 5076 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.224
.
[Abstract] Temporally-graded retrograde amnesia (TGRA) refers to a phenomenon of premorbid memory loss whereby information acquired recently is more impaired than information acquired more remotely. Studies of human amnesia have illuminated this phenomenon (Hodges, 1994; Squire and Alvarez, 1995), but such studies ...
Fear Conditioning Assay in Mouse
Authors:
Melissa Wang
Melissa Wang
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Graduate Group, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a535
and
Isabel A. Muzzio
Isabel A. Muzzio
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
For correspondence:
imuzzio@psych.upenn.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a409
,
date: 4/5/2013, 4954 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.531
.
[Abstract] The study of fear memory is important for understanding various anxiety disorders in which patients experience persistent recollections of traumatic events. These memories often involve associations of contextual cues with aversive events; consequently, Pavlovian classical conditioning is commonly used ...
Measurement of CD8 and CD4 T Cell Responses in Mouse Lungs
Authors:
Craig Fett
Craig Fett
Affiliation:
Microbiology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a1249
,
Jincun Zhao
Jincun Zhao
Affiliation:
Microbiology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
Bio-protocol author page:
a1250
and
Stanley Perlman
Stanley Perlman
Affiliation:
Microbiology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
For correspondence:
stanley-perlman@uiowa.edu
Bio-protocol author page:
a1251
,
date: 3/20/2014, 4905 views,
0 Q&A
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.1083
.
[Abstract] Study of the adaptive immune response to a viral challenge in an animal model often includes analysis of the T cell response. Here we discuss in detail the methods that are used to characterize the CD8 and CD4 T cell response following viral challenge in the lung.
...
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Physiology
Ear
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